Cal Fremling Papers

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  Minnesota City boat club

  Cal R. Fremling

  Handwritten notes and data regarding the Minnesota City Boat Club, club field trips, ice fishing, maps/diagrams of fishing areas and boat landing, weather conditions, data graphs, dating from 1966 to 1991. 29 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  A new method of taxidermy using polyethylene glycol as an impregnation medium

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal R. Fremling and Donald L. Hemming regarding the use of polyethylene glycol 1000 (here, Carbowax 1000) to preserve small fish, reptiles, and amphibians. The article details step-by-step methods for whole and partial mounts, and includes pictures of finished taxidermied products. Fremling and Hemming are credited as: "Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota." Abstract: "Dr. Fremling and his student, Mr. Hemming, report here a new method of taxidermy using water-soluble wax as an impregnation medium." Article reprinted from The American Biology Teacher, volume 27, number 9, November 1965. 5 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Mayfly distribution indicates water quality on the Upper Mississippi River

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal R. Fremling regarding mayflies on the upper Mississippi River, population and distribution data over a 7-year period, and pollution levels of various river sections indicated by presence (or lack) of mayfly mass emergences. Fremling is credited as: "Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota." Abstract: "Hordes of mayflies emerge during the summer months from most sections of the Upper Mississippi River, thus creating nuisance problems for shoreline residents and river traffic. The presence of these pollution sensitive forms indicates, however, that the river is more river-like than sewer-like in a given area." Article copied from Science, 27 November 1964, pages 1164-1166. 3 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Rhythmic Hexagenia mayfly emergences and the environmental factors which influence them

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal Fremling regarding mass emergences of mayflies along the Mississippi River, samples taken over a four year period (summers of 1957-1961), and patterns shown as result. Fremling is credited as "Winona State College, Minnesota, U.S.A." Other credit notes: "The author would like to acknowledge assistance received from the following people at Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Many of the emergence records reported here were collected by Clarence Carlson and Thomas Wenke. Dr. Kenneth D. Carlander has provided guidance during the study and in the preparation of the manuscript." Article copied from Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie (Verh. Internat. Verein Limnol.), volume XV, February 1964. 6 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Three southeastern Minnesota lakes as possible habitat for Hexagenia mayflies

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by James R. Erickson regarding mayfly habitats in bodies of water near Winona, Minnesota. Bodies of water surveyed and sampled: Lake Winona, the Gravel Pit (man-made lake), and Crooked Slough. Cal Fremling is cited for previous research on mayflies and for his screened pail sifter article. Erickson is credited as: "B.S., Biology, 1961; M.S., emphasis in zoology, 1962; from Winona State College. Currently teaching biology [Mounds View High School, St. Paul, Minnesota]." Abstract/summary: "Three small lakes near Winona, Minnesota, were sampled to determine if they supported populations of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs. Hexagenia nymphs were rare in Lake Winona and the Gravel Pit, and none was found in Crooked Slough. A low dissolved oxygen content at the mud-water interface is probably the limiting factor in Lake Winona and Crooked Slough. The limiting factor in the Gravel Pit is probably the bottom type." Article reprinted from the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, volume 32, number 1, 1964. 2 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  A method for determining the dissolved-oxygen concentration near the mud-water interface

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal Fremling and John J. Evans regarding experiments done to sample and measure the dissolved-oxygen concentration near the bottom of a lake, pond, or river. The article details a sample-gathering technique using a polyethylene bag, marbles, and rubber bands (with the conclusion that mechanical samplers are inferior in comparison), results from those experiments, and further details from field tests in Rainy Lake and Rainy River, Minnesota. The Winkler method, cited from 1888, is also referenced. Fremling and Evans are credited as "Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota, and Ontario Water Resources Commission, Toronto." Reprinted from Limnology and Oceanography, volume 8, number 3, July 1963. 2 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Screened pail for sifting bottom-fauna samples

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article by Calvin R. Fremling, in the January 1961 issue (volume 6, number 1) of Limnology and Oceanography, published quarterly by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Journal issue is incomplete (title page and article only.) The article describes a modified version of Donald S. Rawson's screened sample pail, used for sifting and retrieving biological samples from lake, pond, and river bottoms. Includes an image of the modified pail. 2 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Biology and Possible Control of Nuisance Caddisflies of the Upper Mississippi River

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article by Calvin R. Fremling, in the September 1960 issue (number 483) of Research bulletin / Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. The article and issue are complete. Fremling is noted as being "Formerly graduate assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Now assistant professor of biology, Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota." The article covers caddisflies found on the upper Mississippi River. Contents: - Summary - Introduction - Caddisfly abundance in Keokuk - Description of the adults - Behavior of the adults - Oviposition - Larvae - Hatching and early distribution - Case and net construction - Ecological distribution of larvae - Larval feeding behavior and growth - Pupae - Generations per year - Caddisfly control - Adulticides - Light traps - Changes in street and store lighting - Larvicides - Literature cited Summary [page 856]: "The principal nuisance species of caddisflies at Keokuk, Iowa, are Hydropsyche orris Ross, Cheumatopsyche campyla Ross and Potamyia flava (Hagen), all members of the family Hydropsychidae (Order Trichoptera). The larvae of these species require considerable water current so that food may be carried into the nets which they construct upon submerged rocks and other silt-free structures. Keokuk lies along the tailwaters of the largest dam on the Upper Mississippi River, and the current and subsequent lack of silting create a large area which is favorable for hydropsychid larval habitation. Consequently, Keokuk is host to more caddisflies than the other river cities. H. orris larvae build rigid catching nets and are most abundant in the fastest currents. C. campyla larvae construct loose, voluminous nets and are most abundant in the tailwaters and other areas where the current is moderated. P. flava larvae also build loose nets, but they are found most frequently in the rock and sand areas of the main channel of the river. Hydropsychid larvae are capable of populating areas by drifting with water currents. Ovipositing females of the three species were collected beneath the surface of the water with an underwater light trap. P. flava females were collected as deep as 20 feet and H. orris and C. campyla as deep as 12 feet. Females may re-enter the water several times, and emergence traps captured many more females than males. Experiments with a vertically floating pole indicated that oviposition was most concentrated at a depth of 3 to 4 feet. C. campyla and P. flava oviposition was observed in the laboratory, where adult females were seen to remain submerged for several hours. An analysis of the numbers of caddisflies which were captured nightly at a downtown cafe window indicated that H. orris, C. campyla and P. flava are bivoltine species, reaching peaks of abundance in early and late summer. Size-frequency distributions of H. orris larvae collected from navigation buoys also indicated that H. orris completes two generations per year. C. campyla adults were reared from eggs in 51 days in the laboratory. A blacklight trap was developed and may serve as a caddisfly abatement device at Keokuk. Insecticide space sprays applied to H. orris swarming areas hold promise, as do residual sprays applied to riverside foliage where the caddisflies rest during the day. H. orris caddisflies were shown to be vulnerable to four organic phosphorus insecticides. Of these, malathion is the most lethal. Granular larvicides applied to the tailwaters may control local larval populations temporarily. Low solubility of the granular formulation may prevent injury to fish. A loss of caddisfly larvae in the tailwaters should affect the fish very little since fish scarcely utilize the hydropsychid caddisfly larvae in this area." 26 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Biology of a Large Mayfly, Hexagenia bilineata (Say), of the Upper Mississippi River

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article by Calvin R. Fremling, in the September 1960 issue (number 482) of Research bulletin / Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. The article and issue are complete. Fremling is noted as being "Formerly graduate assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Now assistant professor of biology, Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota." The article covers the mayfly H. bilineata. Contents: - Summary - Introduction - The Subimago - The Imago - The Nymph - Emergence - Parasites of Hexagenia bilineata - Possible Control - Literature Cited Summary [page 842]: "Hexagenia bilineata (Say) and Hexagenia limbata (Serville) create nuisance problems by their sheer numbers in many cities along the Mississippi River. They also constitute a navigation hazard and may cause allergies. H. bilineata is generally more abundant than H. limbata on the Upper Mississippi River, but H. limbata becomes increasingly abundant northward. The absence of intermediate-sized nymphs in late summer indicates that H. bilineata completes a generation in 1 year in the Keokuk area. H. bilineata nymphs live in burrows in the river bottom and are most abundant in impounded areas where there is little current and where the river bottom is silty. Keokuk is less bothered by Hexagenia spp. than are other river cities because it lies only partially along a silted, impounded area. Other cities which lie entirely along silted areas, such as Fort Madison, Iowa, receive greater quantities of adult Hexagenia spp. Detailed observations were made of H. bilineata mating flights and the emergence of the subimago from its nymphal exuviae. An analysis of 150 observations of H. bilineata emergences on the Upper Mississippi River indicated that waves of emergence occur at intervals of about 6-11 days, with the maximum emergence occurring in mid-July. A single wave of emergence usually occurred almost simultaneously throughout the river segment. During the maximum wave, 30 observations were made during a 3-night period over a 440-mile expanse of river. H. bilineata nymphs, subimagoes and imagoes were heavily parasitized by metacercariae which were thought to be those of Megalogonia ictaluri and Crepidostomum cooperi. Hexagenia nymphs, which occur predominantly in shallow, slow-water areas, may be vulnerable to wettable powder or granular insecticides. The nymphs are a prime food of fish, however, and such control measures may adversely affect fish populations. Modifications in lighting may alleviate the mayfly problem to some extent." 12 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Distribution and emergence patterns of mayflies Ephemera simulans (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Calvin R. Fremling and Gerrit P. Kloek regarding emergence records over a 3-4 period in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Abstract: "Analyses of collections made during the years 1961-1964 reveal that Ephemora simulans is widely distributed in the lake regions of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The period of maximum emergence in central Minnesota and northern Wisconsin occurs during the last three weeks in June, the peak in extreme northern Minnesota about two weeks later." Fremling and Kloek are credited as, respectively: "Professor of biology at Winona State College" and "received the B.S. degree at Winona State College and is presently completing work for the Ph.D. degree in zoology at Southern Illinois University." Article reprinted from the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, volume 35, number 2-3, 1968-1969. 2 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Dredging correspondence

  Cal R. Fremling

  Correspondence regarding dredging of Lake Winona, wetland restoration, the Lake Winona committee, and public meetings and funding for wetland restoration. Includes letters from Winona City Manager Eric B Sorenson to U.S. and Minnesota senators and representatives. Correspondents include: Robert J. Bollant (Director of Public Works, Winona), Darrell Krueger (President, WSU), John Velin (Director, LCMR), Douglas Norris (DNR), and Calvin R. Fremling. Also includes general notes, an informational meeting agenda, and MN/DOT construction guidelines for wetlands. 16 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Dredging figures

  Cal R. Fremling

  Maps, tables, images intended for reference with or use in Lake Winona dredging proposals and reports. Locations mapped include Riverbend Industrial Park, Lake Winona, Mississippi River, City of Winona. Multiple copies included. All items are photocopies. 32 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Ecological history of the Upper Mississippi River

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article pamphlet by Calvin R. Fremling and Thomas O. Claflin. Fremling and Johnson credited respectively as "Department of Biology Winona State University Winona, Minnesota 55987," and "River Studies Center University of Wisconsin-La Crosse La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601." Introduction: "The purposes of this paper are to introduce the reader to the Upper Mississippi River and to provide a setting for the technical chapters that follow. The Mississippi River has been a vital link in the exploration, colonization, and development of the United States, and during the past 150 years it has been particularly important in the transport of commercial cargoes. In this regard, the Mississippi has been one of the great experiments in river management. Most of the wild, natural Upper Mississippi of the early 1800s has been converted through a series of navigation improvement measures, into today's "tamed" river, which consists of a series of reservoirs controlled for navigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Mississippi is the largest river in the United States. It flows 2319 miles (3732 km) from its source at Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota to the Culf of Mexico. The Mississippi and its tributaries drain 41% of the contiguous United States. The river is commonly delineated into the Lower Mississippi, which extends from the Gulf of Mexico northward to the mouth of the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois, and the Upper Mississippi, which extends northward from Cairo to its source in northern Minnesota (Figure 1). In this chapter, primary emphasis will be placed on the segment of the Upper Mississippi extending from St. Louis, Missouri, to Minneapolis, Minnesota. This 670-mi (1078 km) segment contains the 29 locks and dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the 9-Foot Navigation Channel Project. The stream-like segment of the river north of Minneapolis and the unimpounded segment below St. Louis will not be discussed here because they are limnologically distinct from the rest of the Upper Mississippi." Article is part of an unspecified, undated longer work. No outside printer or publisher given. 20 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Entomological news

  Cal R. Fremling

  Copy of the January 1960 issue of Entomological News, volume 71, number 1. Contents: Weber—Behavior of fungus-growing ants Nomenclature Notice Gangwere—Culturing Orthoptera in the laboratory Fremling—Subimaginal molt of Caenis hilaris Alexander—New exotic crane-flies. Part I Hubbard—Fleas from Iraq Cook—The male of Chaoborus annulatus Dennis—Cyrtolobus auroreus from Wisconsin Article by Calvin R. Fremling (Winona State College, Winona, Minnesota) discusses and substantiates a previous claim by G.F. Edmunds with an observation of mayflies (caenis hilaris) and molting patterns at Keokuk, Iowa. 32 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Geology of Lake Winona 3-D color drawings

  Cal R. Fremling

  Folder of 4 drawings of Lake Winona historic and geologic structure, copied onto transparent paper, cut (irregular sizes), colored, and labeled with descriptive text. Drawings show Lake Winona, the Mississippi River path, the glacial river warren, river side channels, paths of local creeks (Burns Creek, Gilmore Creek, and Garvin Brook), geologic strata (dolomite, gravel, sand, silt, sandstones, shales), and the location of the city of Winona in relation to the river and lakes.

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  Immortal River document research file

  Cal R. Fremling

  Document file of research items for Cal Fremling's book Immortal River. Contents include: articles, book chapters, pamphlets, chronologies, maps, correspondence, forms, photographs, and drawings. Almost all items are reprints or photocopies. One photograph card (carte de visite) may date to 1890s. Items vary in size. 48 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling collection.

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  Lake Winona dredging meeting notes

  Cal R. Fremling

  Correspondence, resource/contact information, meeting notes and attendance lists, and permit application for the Lake Winona Committee and the Lake Winona dredging projects. Also includes drawings, ideas, and a memo from Gary Grunwald regarding walleye stocking for Lake Winona. Handwritten and typed documents. 15 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Marsh project legal descriptions

  Cal R. Fremling

  Handwritten page of notes detailing "legal descriptions of disposal area" of Lake Winona, Riverbend Industrial Park, as pertinent to the dredging proposals created by Fremling and colleagues. Not dated, but probably created between 1980-1990. 1 page. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Riverbend Industrial Park HEP values

  Cal R. Fremling

  Handwritten notes regarding HEP (Habitat Evaluation Procedure) values and analysis for the Riverbend Industrial Park area. Creator unknown. Undated, but probably created 1980-1990. 2 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Weaver area drawings

  Cal R. Fremling

  Folder of 5 drawings of the Mississippi River, Weaver and Weaver Bottoms area. Drawings are unlabeled and undated, but appear to show changes or shifts in geology or vegetation over time.

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  Allocreadiid flukes of mayflies of the Mississippi River

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Clarence A. Carlson, Fred P. Meyer, and Calvin R. Fremling (Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa) and presented at the 21st Midwest Wildlife Conference. The article discusses internal parasites of mayflies, specifically flukes found in the intestines, and also describes the authors' experiments with mayflies and catfish, dissection of specimens, and a possible link between parasites in mayflies and catfish. The article is part of a larger study "initiated in 1957 to determine the abundance and ecological significance of the nuisance species [mayflies and caddisflies]." Presented at 21st Midwest Wildlife Conference, Dec. 7-9, 1959, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 4 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor parumapertus

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal Fremling and Allan Gastfriend (Ecological Research, University of Utah in Dugway, Utah) regarding the life cycle of the tick Dermacentor parumapertus. From the summary: "An investigation was made of the seasonal abundance of the tick, Dermacentor parumapertus, which is parasitic on the black-tailed jack rabbit, Lepus californicus. This one-year study was made in a vegetated sand dune area in Tooele County, Utah. Approximately 8300 ectoparasites were collected and identified in addition to the quasi-endoparasitic Cuterebra (rabbit botfly) larvae." Includes discussion of population counts at different life stages such as larval and nymph, types of hosts and the ticks' effect on local agriculture through those rabbit/rodent hosts. Reprinted from Ecology, January 1955, volume 36, number 1, pages 162-163. 3 page document. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  A new biological frontier: your favorite lake

  Cal R. Fremling

  Article written by Cal Fremling discussing freshwater free diving or shallow water diving, teaching biology students, diving equipment, field trips, and the collection of crayfish and other biological materials from freshwater sources for classroom and laboratory use. Reprinted from The American Biology Teacher, February 1954, volume 16, number 2, pages 48-49. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Trempealeau water levels for aerial photos

  Cal R. Fremling

  A list of water level data "for maps and photos" on specific dates, for Trempealeau, Wisconsin. 1 page. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

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  Lake Winona dredging EAW and correspondence

  Cal R. Fremling

  Folder of correspondence, Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW), forms, regarding 1996 dredging plan for Lake Winona. Correspondents include Robert J. Bollant, the MN DNR, the MN PCA, the Environmental Quality Board, and the Minnesota Historical Society. Also includes the complete 4-sheet set of maps/plans for dredging Lake Winona, and a ponding plan. 35 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.