Abstract
Abstract
Delirium is a complex syndrome resulting from compounding effects of acute illness, comorbidities, and the environment. It results in adverse outcomes: elevated mortality rates, length of stay, readmissions, institutionalization, long-term cognitive changes, and diminished quality of life. The rate of iatrogenic delirium is astounding, ranging from 10%-89%. There are no curative treatments; thus, primary prevention is the key. The purpose of this literature review is to identify and critique the research for the accuracy of risk stratification and feasibility in practice. Support for interventions that prevent delirium is mounting; however, interventions are resource-intensive and often not implemented. Researchers have responded to this problem by developing risk stratification tools to triage interventions toward those of the highest risk. There is evidence that some of the models' implementation is successful; however, they are not yet widely operationalized. A compilation of seven published models of risk prediction was critiqued and compared using the Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice as a guiding model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Critical Appraisal and the Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS checklist) are employed to aid in the critical appraisal, evaluation of the study's quality, and aid in data abstraction. The models show the ability to stratify risk. Still, their effectiveness in practice cannot be studied without directed interventions because they risk prediction models are created to aid healthcare staff in making clinical decisions. Therefore, a complete clinical pathway with evidence-based interventions should be employed with a delirium risk prediction model to triage the interventions to patients at the highest risk. Recommendations are to implement an automated electronic model (automatic calculation using the EMR or a machine learning model) into clinical practice along with a delirium prevention care pathway. Electronic versions of risk scores allow for an opportunity to achieve clinical efficiency and show statistical superiority to the other models. Published evidence on the impact of the models is diminutive. Their ability to triage patients and aid in clinical decision-making should be published in an impact study.
Keywords: Delirium, risk assessment, risk prediction, risk model, risk score, patient safety, patient-centered outcomes research
Date of Completion of Thesis/SIP
Spring 6-25-2020
Document Type
Scholarly Inquiry Paper (SIP)
Degree Name
Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
Department
Nursing
First Advisor
Kimberly Langer
Recommended Citation
Perttula, Tammy, "A Case for Delirium Risk Prediction Models to Aid in Triaging Resources to those Most at Risk an Integrative Literature Review" (2020). Nursing Masters Papers. 387.
https://openriver.winona.edu/nursingmasters/387
Included in
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons, Critical Care Nursing Commons, Family Medicine Commons, Family Practice Nursing Commons, Geriatric Nursing Commons, Internal Medicine Commons, Mental Disorders Commons, Nursing Administration Commons, Other Nursing Commons, Patient Safety Commons, Preventive Medicine Commons, Psychiatric and Mental Health Commons, Psychiatry Commons, Psychological Phenomena and Processes Commons
Comments
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank Dr. Kim Langer and Diane Forsyth for the guidance, support, and advice throughout this writing process. Their expertise was an asset to this project, aiding in its completion. I would also like to thank Dr. Meller in the Fairview- University of Minnesota Hospital Psychiatry department for your interest, mentorship, and guidance on the subject of delirium. Dr. Meller introduced me to his colleagues who have been instrumental in past delirium research, Dr. Steven Thurber and Dr. Yasuhiro Kishi. They are all so passionate about this subject area, giving me hope for the future.
I will be forever in debt to my mother Diane, aunt Eileen, and Mike Prohofsky for their support and many hours of reading and editing! My entire family has provided so much encouragement over the years, especially my children, Zach and Nick. Thank you for all your sacrifices! All the support I have been given is the reason I was able to complete this project and so many more.
Lastly, I thank all the researchers that poured their time into developing and validating delirium risk prediction models as a way to better the care received during hospitalization. I also want to mention my Grandmother Florence who was the subject of my desperate search to slow the rates of iatrogenic delirium in an effort to prevent its negative impacts on an individual’s quality of life.